Lesson 2
Topics
1 Toki Pona has consonants jklmnpstw and vowels aeiou.
2 The consonants are pronounced the same as in most Western languages, except j is like English's letter y.
3 The vowels are pronounced the same as in Esperanto, Italian, and Spanish.

Lesson 3
Vocabulary
Nouns jan, mi, moku, sina, suno, telo
Verbs/Adjectives moku, pona, suli
Grammatical words li
Topics
1 Toki Pona lacks the verb to be, is often ambiguous, and its verbs have no tense.
2 If the subject is mi or sina, procees from the subject straight to the predicate.
3 If the subject is anything other than mi or sina, then li must separate the subject from the predicate.

Lesson 4
Vocabulary
Nouns ilo, kili, ni, ona, pipi, ma, ijo
Verbs/Adjectives jo, lukin, pakala, unpa, wile
Grammatical words e
Topics
1 e must precede all direct objects.
2 want to wile.
3 You may stack li or e phrases within a sentence.

Lesson 5
Vocabulary
ike, jaki, lawa, len, lili, mute, nasa, seli, sewi, tomo, utala
Topics
1 Adjectives always follow the nouns they modify. This is true even for possessive pronouns.
2 Adverbs always follows the verbs they modify.
3 Toki Pona strings words together into phrases to make more complex meanings. These strings often act as nouns.

Lesson 6
Vocabulary
kama, kepeken, kiwen, kon, lon, pana, poki, toki, tawa
Topics
1 As a verb, lon essentially means to be in/on/at. As a preposition, it simply means, in/on/at.
2 Unlike English, Toki Pona doesn't allow clauses. Use wile e ni: [...] instead.
3 As a verb, kepeken means to use. As a preposition, it means using.
4 tawa can be an action verb (to move), a verb of movement (to go to), or a preposition (to and for).
5 When followed by e, kama means to cause. When preceding another verb, it makes the verb progressive.

Lesson 7
Vocabulary
anpa, insa, monsi, poka, sama, sewi, tan
Topics
1 To express the locations below (anpa), inside (insa), behind (monsi), beside or with (poka), and above (sewi), use the respective Toki Pona word after a preposition (usually lon or tawa).

Lesson 8
Vocabulary
ala, ale/ali, ken, lape, musi, pali, sona, wawa
Topics
1 ala immediately follows whatever word it negates.
2 "(verb) ala (repeat the verb)" makes yes/no questions.
3 To answer yes/no questions, "(verb)" yes, "(verb) ala" no.

Lesson 9
Vocabulary
a, awen, mama, mije, meli, mu, nimi, o, pona, toki
Topics
1 Toki Pona does not have grammatical gender. Gender can be ascribed by adding mije or meli as adjectives.
2 Religions, countries, languages, names, etc. are unofficial words. They are treated like adjectives and must be attached to a noun.
3 To get someone's attention, say, "jan (person's name) o."
4 To issue a command, say, "o (verb)."
    4a For friendly salutations, don't include o.
5 To get someone's attention and issue a command in the samen sentence, say, "jan (person's name) o (verb)."

Lesson 10
Vocabulary
olin, seme, sin, supa, suwi
Topics
1 For questions that can't be answered with "yes" or "no," write the sentence like normal and then replace the word in question with seme.
2 seme can also be used as an adjective to make other question words.

Lesson 11
Vocabulary
a, awen, mama, mije, meli, mu, nimi, o, pona, toki
Topics
1 pi separates a noun from a modifying noun which has an adjective of its own.
2 Don't use pi if the modiying noun doesn't have an adjective of its own.

Lesson 12
Vocabulary
anu, en, kin, lete, mani, pilin, taso
Topics
1 anu or. anu may imply a question. You can ask a yes/no question by adding "anu seme?" to the end of the sentence.
2 en and. For the vast majority of cases, en can be used only in the sentence's subject.
3 At the beginning of a sentence, taso but. Within sentences, taso can be an adjective or adverb.
4 kin is an intensifier and is used like normal adjectives/adverbs.
5 To describe the temperature outside, say, "(temperature) li lon.
6 To describe the temperature of specific objects, say, "(object) li (temperature) pilin.

Lesson 13
Vocabulary
jelo, kule, laso, loje, pimeja, sitelen, walo
Topics
1 Elementary colors can be strung together to describe more colors.
2 To describe objects with multiple distinct colors, say, "(object) pi (color 1) en (color 2)."

Lesson 14
Vocabulary
akesi, kala, kasi, moli, soweli, waso, (also review pipi)
Topics
1 Organisms fit into one of six very broad categories. Naming the organisms within each category is very ambiguous.

Lesson 15
Vocabulary
ko, kute, linja, luka, lupa, nena, noka, oko, palisa, selo, sijelo, sike, sinpin, uta

Lesson 16
Vocabulary
nanpa, tu, wan, weka
Topics
1 Toki Pona has words for 1, 2, 5, 20, and 100. These words also have a few other meanings besides numbers.
2 Although discouraged, these words may be stacked to make higher numbers.
   2a Use mute unless specificity is necessary.
2 For ordinal numbers, say, "(noun) pi napna (number)."

Lesson 17
Vocabulary
la, mun, open, pini, tenpo
Topics
1 "ken la (rest of sentence)" "Maybe (rest of sentence)."
2 "(time) la (rest of sentence)" tells when something occurred.
3 "(sentence 1) la (sentence 2)" "If (sentence 1), then (sentence 2)."
4 For comparatives and superlatives, say, "(thing that is more of something) li (adjective) mute. (thing that is less) li (adjective) lili."

Lesson 18
Vocabulary
alasa, esun, namako, pan, pu

Lesson 19
Topics
o pana e sona pi toki pona tawa jan mute.